GeographicLib  1.34
GeographicLib::Geocentric Class Reference

Geocentric coordinates More...

#include <GeographicLib/Geocentric.hpp>

## Public Member Functions

Geocentric (real a, real f)

Geocentric ()

void Forward (real lat, real lon, real h, real &X, real &Y, real &Z) const throw ()

void Forward (real lat, real lon, real h, real &X, real &Y, real &Z, std::vector< real > &M) const throw ()

void Reverse (real X, real Y, real Z, real &lat, real &lon, real &h) const throw ()

void Reverse (real X, real Y, real Z, real &lat, real &lon, real &h, std::vector< real > &M) const throw ()

Inspector functions
bool Init () const throw ()

Math::real MajorRadius () const throw ()

Math::real Flattening () const throw ()

## Static Public Attributes

static const Geocentric WGS84

## Friends

class LocalCartesian

class MagneticCircle

class MagneticModel

class GravityCircle

class GravityModel

class NormalGravity

class SphericalHarmonic

class SphericalHarmonic1

class SphericalHarmonic2

## Detailed Description

Geocentric coordinates

Convert between geodetic coordinates latitude = lat, longitude = lon, height = h (measured vertically from the surface of the ellipsoid) to geocentric coordinates (X, Y, Z). The origin of geocentric coordinates is at the center of the earth. The Z axis goes thru the north pole, lat = 90°. The X axis goes thru lat = 0, lon = 0. Geocentric coordinates are also known as earth centered, earth fixed (ECEF) coordinates.

The conversion from geographic to geocentric coordinates is straightforward. For the reverse transformation we use

Several changes have been made to ensure that the method returns accurate results for all finite inputs (even if h is infinite). The changes are described in Appendix B of

The errors in these routines are close to round-off. Specifically, for points within 5000 km of the surface of the ellipsoid (either inside or outside the ellipsoid), the error is bounded by 7 nm (7 nanometers) for the WGS84 ellipsoid. See Geocentric coordinates for further information on the errors.

Example of use:

// Example of using the GeographicLib::Geocentric class
#include <iostream>
#include <exception>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
using namespace GeographicLib;
int main() {
try {
// Alternatively: const Geocentric& earth = Geocentric::WGS84;
{
// Sample forward calculation
double lat = 27.99, lon = 86.93, h = 8820; // Mt Everest
double X, Y, Z;
earth.Forward(lat, lon, h, X, Y, Z);
cout << floor(X / 1000 + 0.5) << " "
<< floor(Y / 1000 + 0.5) << " "
<< floor(Z / 1000 + 0.5) << "\n";
}
{
// Sample reverse calculation
double X = 302e3, Y = 5636e3, Z = 2980e3;
double lat, lon, h;
earth.Reverse(X, Y, Z, lat, lon, h);
cout << lat << " " << lon << " " << h << "\n";
}
}
catch (const exception& e) {
cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
return 1;
}
return 0;
}

CartConvert is a command-line utility providing access to the functionality of Geocentric and LocalCartesian.

Definition at line 61 of file Geocentric.hpp.

## Constructor & Destructor Documentation

 GeographicLib::Geocentric::Geocentric ( real a, real f )

Constructor for a ellipsoid with

Parameters
 [in] a equatorial radius (meters). [in] f flattening of ellipsoid. Setting f = 0 gives a sphere. Negative f gives a prolate ellipsoid. If f > 1, set flattening to 1/f.
Exceptions
 GeographicErr if a or (1 − f ) a is not positive.

Definition at line 16 of file Geocentric.cpp.

References GeographicLib::Math::isfinite().

 GeographicLib::Geocentric::Geocentric ( )
inline

A default constructor (for use by NormalGravity).

Definition at line 116 of file Geocentric.hpp.

## Member Function Documentation

 void GeographicLib::Geocentric::Forward ( real lat, real lon, real h, real & X, real & Y, real & Z ) const throw ()
inline

Convert from geodetic to geocentric coordinates.

Parameters
 [in] lat latitude of point (degrees). [in] lon longitude of point (degrees). [in] h height of point above the ellipsoid (meters). [out] X geocentric coordinate (meters). [out] Y geocentric coordinate (meters). [out] Z geocentric coordinate (meters).

lat should be in the range [−90°, 90°]; lon should be in the range [−540°, 540°).

Definition at line 131 of file Geocentric.hpp.

Referenced by main().

 void GeographicLib::Geocentric::Forward ( real lat, real lon, real h, real & X, real & Y, real & Z, std::vector< real > & M ) const throw ()
inline

Convert from geodetic to geocentric coordinates and return rotation matrix.

Parameters
 [in] lat latitude of point (degrees). [in] lon longitude of point (degrees). [in] h height of point above the ellipsoid (meters). [out] X geocentric coordinate (meters). [out] Y geocentric coordinate (meters). [out] Z geocentric coordinate (meters). [out] M if the length of the vector is 9, fill with the rotation matrix in row-major order.

Let v be a unit vector located at (lat, lon, h). We can express v as column vectors in one of two ways

• in east, north, up coordinates (where the components are relative to a local coordinate system at (lat, lon, h)); call this representation v1.
• in geocentric X, Y, Z coordinates; call this representation v0.

Then we have v0 = Mv1.

Definition at line 160 of file Geocentric.hpp.

 void GeographicLib::Geocentric::Reverse ( real X, real Y, real Z, real & lat, real & lon, real & h ) const throw ()
inline

Convert from geocentric to geodetic to coordinates.

Parameters
 [in] X geocentric coordinate (meters). [in] Y geocentric coordinate (meters). [in] Z geocentric coordinate (meters). [out] lat latitude of point (degrees). [out] lon longitude of point (degrees). [out] h height of point above the ellipsoid (meters).

In general there are multiple solutions and the result which maximizes h is returned. If there are still multiple solutions with different latitudes (applies only if Z = 0), then the solution with lat > 0 is returned. If there are still multiple solutions with different longitudes (applies only if X = Y = 0) then lon = 0 is returned. The value of h returned satisfies h ≥ − a (1 − e2) / sqrt(1 − e2 sin2lat). The value of lon returned is in the range [−180°, 180°).

Definition at line 193 of file Geocentric.hpp.

Referenced by main().

 void GeographicLib::Geocentric::Reverse ( real X, real Y, real Z, real & lat, real & lon, real & h, std::vector< real > & M ) const throw ()
inline

Convert from geocentric to geodetic to coordinates.

Parameters
 [in] X geocentric coordinate (meters). [in] Y geocentric coordinate (meters). [in] Z geocentric coordinate (meters). [out] lat latitude of point (degrees). [out] lon longitude of point (degrees). [out] h height of point above the ellipsoid (meters). [out] M if the length of the vector is 9, fill with the rotation matrix in row-major order.

Let v be a unit vector located at (lat, lon, h). We can express v as column vectors in one of two ways

• in east, north, up coordinates (where the components are relative to a local coordinate system at (lat, lon, h)); call this representation v1.
• in geocentric X, Y, Z coordinates; call this representation v0.

Then we have v1 = MTv0, where MT is the transpose of M.

Definition at line 222 of file Geocentric.hpp.

 bool GeographicLib::Geocentric::Init ( ) const throw ()
inline
Returns
true if the object has been initialized.

Definition at line 241 of file Geocentric.hpp.

 Math::real GeographicLib::Geocentric::MajorRadius ( ) const throw ()
inline
Returns
a the equatorial radius of the ellipsoid (meters). This is the value used in the constructor.

Definition at line 246 of file Geocentric.hpp.

 Math::real GeographicLib::Geocentric::Flattening ( ) const throw ()
inline
Returns
f the flattening of the ellipsoid. This is the value used in the constructor.

Definition at line 253 of file Geocentric.hpp.

## Friends And Related Function Documentation

 friend class LocalCartesian
friend

Definition at line 64 of file Geocentric.hpp.

 friend class MagneticCircle
friend

Definition at line 65 of file Geocentric.hpp.

 friend class MagneticModel
friend

Definition at line 66 of file Geocentric.hpp.

 friend class GravityCircle
friend

Definition at line 67 of file Geocentric.hpp.

 friend class GravityModel
friend

Definition at line 68 of file Geocentric.hpp.

 friend class NormalGravity
friend

Definition at line 69 of file Geocentric.hpp.

 friend class SphericalHarmonic
friend

Definition at line 70 of file Geocentric.hpp.

 friend class SphericalHarmonic1
friend

Definition at line 71 of file Geocentric.hpp.

 friend class SphericalHarmonic2
friend

Definition at line 72 of file Geocentric.hpp.

## Member Data Documentation

 const Geocentric GeographicLib::Geocentric::WGS84
static

A global instantiation of Geocentric with the parameters for the WGS84 ellipsoid.

Definition at line 270 of file Geocentric.hpp.

The documentation for this class was generated from the following files: